{"id":3926,"date":"2025-12-24T14:08:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T06:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/?p=3926"},"modified":"2025-12-24T14:08:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T06:08:12","slug":"material-identification-of-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/material-identification-of-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, trong khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng th\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1200 \u0111\u1ed9 C; th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ph\u00eda nam ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. T\u1ea5m trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 201. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed, v.v.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1eaft Fe (kho\u1ea3ng 67-71,5%), crom Cr (kho\u1ea3ng 17,5-19,5%) v\u00e0 niken N (kho\u1ea3ng 8-10,5%). C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia GB\/T 24511-2017 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 06cr19ni10 ch\u1ee9a crom (Cr) ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 18,00% \u0111\u1ebfn 20,00%. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM a240 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 17,5-19,5%.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, m\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tia X c\u1ea7m tay (XRF).<\/p>\n

Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Dung d\u1ecbch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed N8, dung d\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 201 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed N-low, v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed M2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316.<\/p>\n

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Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c d\u00f2 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n

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Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft qua c\u00e1c tia l\u1eeda ph\u00e1t ra khi m\u00e0i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 201, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u tia l\u1eeda nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, \u0111u\u00f4i tia l\u1eeda t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, \u00edt tia l\u1eeda, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111u\u00f4i tia l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316, \u00edt tia l\u1eeda nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t, \u0111u\u00f4i tia l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, trong khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3923,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inoxfurt-metal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}